Almost all particular solutions will have preferred world lines and surfaces this is just a particular example of a broken symmetry - the occurrence of solutions of equations with less symmetries than the equations display. But this equivalence of frames is true for the equations rather than their solutions. Misconception 4: The existence of a preferred RW frame (that in which the universe appears isotropic) contradicts relativity theory, which says all reference frames are equally good. The matter that emitted the CBR was moving away from us at a speed of about 61 c when it did so.
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For example, there is presently a sphere around us of matter receding from us at the speed of light 20 matter beyond this sphere is moving away from us at a speed greater than the speed of light. No violation of special relativity is implied, as this is not a local velocity difference, and no information is transferred between distant galaxies moving apart at these speeds. It can, at an instant two distantly separated fundamental observers in a surface can have a relative velocity greater than c if their spatial separation is large enough. Misconception 3: Matter cannot recede from us faster than light. Every fundamental observer sees exactly the same thing in an exact RW geometry. All spatial points are equivalent in these universes, and the universe expands equally about all of them. Misconception 2: The universe expands from a specific point, which is the centre of the expansion. Furthermore this embedding is no longer possible when we take perturbations into account a 10 dimensional flat spacetime is needed for locally embedding a realistic (perturbed) universe model (and to do so globally requires many more dimensions, in general). One should note here that a RW universe can be represented as a 4-dimensional curved spacetime expanding in a 5-dimensional flat embedding space time however there is no necessity to view the 5-dimensional spacetime in this representation as physically real.
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It is just getting bigger, while always remaining all that is. Misconception 1: The universe is expanding into something. ) that can lead to philosophical misunderstandings. George F R Ellis, in Philosophy of Physics, 2007 2.8.1 Some misunderstandingsĭespite its simplicity, there are some common misconceptions about the standard universe models (cf.
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Finally, I concisely presented the results of our second paper where we have shown that it is possible to send information from the inside of the Schwarzschild horizon. I briefly discussed a mechanism of enhancing the gravitational waves in inflationary models of this type. Thus there is no violation of causality for these theories on these backgrounds. In the cases studied in our papers, the effective metric describes stable causal spacetimes. The equation of motion for the field is hyperbolic and the resulting emergent geometry (metric), where the small perturbations propagate, has well defined past and future cones. There is no superluminal propagation of signals in true classical vacuum where the field and field derivatives vanish. This new ether provides a preferred reference frame. These signals are small perturbations on the nontrivial dynamical solutions which break the Lorentz symmetry spontaneously and represent in this way a new kind of “effective ether”.
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Namely, these manifestly generally covariant and Lorentz invariant theories allow, due to the nonlinearity, the propagation of signals faster than light. After he returns home he discovers that Laenea's ship is missing, and, along with Orca and others, he joins a rescue mission.In this talk I discuss the nonlinear scalar field theories with nontrivial causal structure. During a routine mission Radu's ship becomes lost and he discovers that he can do what is hitherto been impossible, and survive superluminal transit without either surgery or drugs. Laenea and Radu are lovers, but their relationship seems doomed: Laenea's altered physiology makes it literally impossible for Radu to live in close proximity to her. The story centres on three people: Laenea Trevelyan, a pilot Radu Dracul, a scarred crewman from the colony world Twilight and Orca, a woman who is a member of a community of divers - people surgically and genetically adapted for life under the oceans. Popularly known as "aztecs", they live mostly apart from the population at large. Would-be space pilots are modified surgically their hearts are removed and replaced by mechanical devices. In the strange superluminal world which ships enter beyond the speed of light, ordinary humans age and wither and die apparently in seconds. To pilot an interstellar spaceship a very special kind of human being is required.